1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
India’s first president after independence was dr. Rajendra Prasad born on december 3, 1884 in the Saran district of North Bihar. Prasad spent his childhood listening to tales from the Ramayana, and the epic had a profound influence on his life. He was a brilliant student, he studied in the Presidency College, Calcutta, and topped in Master of Arts and Master of Law at the Calcutta University.
He joined the Indian National Congress while practicing Law in Calcutta in 1911. Even though he made his mark as a lawyer, he was deeply influenced by Gandhi, and plunged himself into the freedom struggle. He twice became the president of the Congress in 1934 and 1939.
Prasad emerged as the only choice for presidency after the country became a Republic in 1950. When it came to relinquishing office in 1962, after being the First Citizen of India for 12 long years from January 26, 1950 to May 13, 1962, Dr. Prasad did not bat an eyelid, despite persuasions from all quarters. The nation befittingly awarded him with a Bharat Ratna. He was passed on February 28, 1963.
2. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
The Second President Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan born on September 5, 1888 in a middle class Hindu family in Tirutani in the then Madras State. He best known as a philosopher, statesman, writer, educationist, humanist and administrator, despite being orthodox, his parents had a vision for their son and sent him to Christain missionary schools and colleges, such as Lutheran Mission School, Tirupati; Vellore College, Vellore; and Madras Christian College.
He took up Philosophy at the graduation level in Madras University and went on to master the subject. Throughout his glorious career, Radhakrishnan held numerous important academic, cultural and political posts, both in India and abroad, such as Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University, Spaulding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics, Oxford University, Leader of the Indian Delegation to UNESCO, Ambassador-Extraord inary and Minister-Plenipoten tiary to the U.S.S.R., etc.
Dr. Radhakrishnan became the President after Dr. Rajendra Prasad, his presidency period starts from May 13, 1962 to May 13, 1967. His birthday is celebrated as Teacher’s Day throughout India he passed on April 17, 1975.
3. Dr. Zakir Hussain
Third President an educator, Dr. Zakir Hussain was born in Hyderabad on February 8, 1897. He studied at Islam High School, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, and later at the Anglo-Muhammadan Oriental College (now known as Aligarh Muslim University).
He founded the Jamia Millia Islamia University in Delhi. He held several posts as Chairman, Central Board of Secondary Education, a member of the University Grants Commission and a member of the University Education Commission. Hussain served as the Vice-President from 1962 to 1967 and then went on to grace Rashtrapati Bhavan as the third President. The first President to die while in office on may 3, 1969, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 and the Bharat Ratna in 1963.
4. Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Fourth President Varahagiri Venkata Giri was a prolific writer and a good orator, he was born in Berhampur in the Ganjam district(then a part of the Madras Presidency) of Orissa on August 10, 1894.
A Telegu by birth, he went to the University of Dublin, Ireland, for higher studies. He soon got absorbed into the freedom struggle in Ireland. While taking active participation in the freedom movement, Giri joined the Indian National Congress and mobilised the trade unions in support of the freedom struggle. He was elected to the Parliament in 1952. Thereafter, Giri served as Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Mysore from 1957 to 1967. He became the Vice-President in 1967. Giri had to officiate as President Dr. Zakir Hussain passed away while in office. He was finally elected the President in 1969. Giri received the Bharat Ratna in 1975.
5. Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
The Fifth President Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed man of many abilities, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was born on May 13, 1905 in the Hauz Qazi area of Old Delhi. He received his primary education from Bonda Government High School, Uttar Pradesh, and did his matriculation from the Delhi Government High School, then under the Punjab University. Later, he joined the Catherine College, Cambridge University, and was called to the Bar from Inner Temple of London. Ahmed joined the Indian National Congress in 1931 and took active part in the freedom struggle. He became part of the Central Cabinet after Independence and held important portfolios. He could not complete his term due to a fatal heart attack on February 11, 1977.
6. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
India’s sixth President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was born in the Anantpur district of Andhra Pradesh on May 18, 1913. After completing his primary education at Theosophical High School at Adyar in Madras, Reddy went to Government’s Arts College at Anantpur for higher studies. He plunged into the freedom movement in 1931, participating in various nationalist activities.
Reddy became the chief minister of the then newly-formed state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956, and later from 1962 to 1964. He served in the cabinet of Prime ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi. Twice elected as the Lok Sabha Speaker (1967 and 1977), Reddy became the President in 1977 after winning the elections hands down as an unopposed candidate.
7. Giani Zail Singh
Giani Zail Singh a man of the masses and the only Sikh President of India till date, Zail Singh was born on May 5, 1916 in an agricultural family in village Sandhwan in the then Faridkot State. Hailing from a humble background, Singh showed remarkable acumen in mastering Sikh history and its scriptures. He acquired the epithet of ‘Giani’ because of his scholarly abilities.
After leading the fight against feudalism and participating actively in the freedom movement in Punjab, Singh went on to become the chief minister of the state in 1972. Punjab enjoyed unprecedented peace and prosperity under his leadership. He became home minister in Indira Gandhi cabinet in 1980, he utilised his administrative skills to solve many problems that stared in the face of the nation. He was elected to the highest office of India in 1982.
8. Ramaswamy Venkataraman
Eighth President, Ramaswamy Venkataraman was born in village Rajamadam in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu on December 4, 1910. He did his Masters in Economics from Madras University and Law from Law College, Madras. As a practicing lawyer, he became involved with the Quit India Movement in 1942.
Venkataraman was a member of the Constituent Assembly that drafted India`s Constitution. After India became a Republic, he was elected to the Parliament in 1952. He was Governor, International Monetary Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Asian Development Bank. He was elected Vice-President of India in 1984 and became the President in 1987.
9. Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma
The Ninth President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma was born in Bhopal on August 19, 1918, Madhya Pradesh, and studied in St. John’s College, Agra; Allahabad University; Lucknow University; Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge University; Lincoln’s Inn, London and Harvard Law School, USA.
He taught Law at Cambridge University in 1946-47. While in Britain, Sharma took active interest in India’s struggle for Independence, and later joined the Indian National Congress. After India became a Republic, Sharma took over as the Chief Minister of Bhopal in 1952 before the state of Madhya Pradesh was formed. He also occupied the posts of the Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra. Sharma was elected the Vice-President in 1987 and eventually the country’s President in 1992. He is credited to have sworn in three prime ministers.
10. Kocheril Raman Narayanan
The tenth president Kocheril Raman Narayanan was a scholar and a writer, Narayanan was born in village Uzhavoor in Kottayam district of Kerala on October 27, 1920. He did his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in English Literature from Travancore University, and later went on to study at the London School of Economics.
Narayanan joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1949 and served in Rangoon, Tokyo, London, Canberra and Hanoi. He was India’s Ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China, and eventually became Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs in 1976. He was India’s Ambassador to the United States from 1980 to 1984. Elected to the post of Vice-President in 1992, Narayanan became the President in 1997. He was also the first President to cast his vote in the 1998 General Elections. He passed away on November 9, 2005.
11. Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
One of the most distinguished scientists of India, Abdul Kalam is known as the Missile Man of India. He was born at Rameswaram, in Tamil Nadu on October 15, 1931, and studied Aeronautical Engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology.
Kalam developed India`s first Satellite Launch Vehicle. He also developed and enabled operationalisation of Agni and Prithvi missiles. It was largely because of his efforts that India became a nuclear weapons country. Befittingly, he has been bestowed with all the three civilian honours of the Nation. The 11th President is also credited with many firsts to his credit. He is the first President to be awarded the Bharat Ratna before he occupied Rashtrapati Bhavan, the first scientist to become the President and the first bachelor to be elected to the highest office of the land. He created history by flying the Sukhoi 30.
12. Smt. Pratibha Patil
The 12th and current president of india, she is the first indian women appointed at the top post of the indian constituency.
Sunday, January 31, 2010
Animals
The Earth has over 12,00,000 species of animals, 3,00,000 species of plants & 1,00,000 other species.
All polar bears are left handed
A cow gives nearly 200,000 glasses of milk in her lifetime
The original name for the butterfly was ‘flutterby
A cheetah does not roar like a lion – it purrs like a cat (meow)
A jellyfish is 95 percent water!
No two zebras have stripes that are exactly alike. There are more than 50 different kinds of kangaroos.
A butterflie have 6 Legs & 2 Pair of Wings & has 12,000 eyes.
Human birth control pill works on gorillas.
German Shepherds bite humans more than any other breed of dog.
Owl is the only bird, which can rotate its head to 270 degrees.
The Swan has over 25,000 feathers in its body.
Elephant teeth can weigh as much as 9 pounds.
Crane sleeps standing on one leg.
Shark cannot see, they are very sensitive to sound.
A cat sees about six times better than a human at night because of the tapetum lucidum , a layer of extra reflecting cells which absorb light.
A crocodile cannot stick its tongue out.
Bears whose brown fur is tipped with lighter-colored hairs are called grizzly bears .
Ants don’t sleep.
A cheetah can run 76 kilometres per hour (46 miles per hour)
Kiwis are the only birds, which hunt by sense of smell.
Cassowary is one of the dangerous birds that can kill a man or animal by tearing off with its dagger like claw.
The largest frog in the world is called Goliath frog.
All polar bears are left handed
A cow gives nearly 200,000 glasses of milk in her lifetime
The original name for the butterfly was ‘flutterby
A cheetah does not roar like a lion – it purrs like a cat (meow)
A jellyfish is 95 percent water!
No two zebras have stripes that are exactly alike. There are more than 50 different kinds of kangaroos.
A butterflie have 6 Legs & 2 Pair of Wings & has 12,000 eyes.
Human birth control pill works on gorillas.
German Shepherds bite humans more than any other breed of dog.
Owl is the only bird, which can rotate its head to 270 degrees.
The Swan has over 25,000 feathers in its body.
Elephant teeth can weigh as much as 9 pounds.
Crane sleeps standing on one leg.
Shark cannot see, they are very sensitive to sound.
A cat sees about six times better than a human at night because of the tapetum lucidum , a layer of extra reflecting cells which absorb light.
A crocodile cannot stick its tongue out.
Bears whose brown fur is tipped with lighter-colored hairs are called grizzly bears .
Ants don’t sleep.
A cheetah can run 76 kilometres per hour (46 miles per hour)
Kiwis are the only birds, which hunt by sense of smell.
Cassowary is one of the dangerous birds that can kill a man or animal by tearing off with its dagger like claw.
The largest frog in the world is called Goliath frog.
solar system
Our solar system consists of one central star, the Sun
The Solar System have nine planets named Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
Our solar system consists of more than 60 moons
Our solar system consists of millions of rocky asteroids
Our solar system consists of billions of icy comets
The solar system is said to be over 5 billion years old.
Planets are different in sizes and colors. The four planets closer to the Sun are called ‘rocky’ planets.
Only two planets have (Earth and Mars) have moons
The asteroid belt is a zone between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can be seen with the naked eye (Without telescope or binoculars)
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called ‘rocky’ or’ terrestial’ planets.
`Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called the gaseous planets.
Jupiter and Saturn contain the largest percentages of hydrogen and helium, while Uranus and Neptune contain largest shares of ices, frozen water, ammonia, methane, and carbon monoxide.
The four gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, have rings.
Hubble is one of the worlds most powerful telescopes.
The Sun is too bright for the Hubble Space Telescope to observe.
The sun is 330330 times larger than the earth.
The earth began billions of years ago as a huge ball of swirling dust and gases.
Earth is only known planet where life began on 600 million years ago.
The Solar System have nine planets named Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
Our solar system consists of more than 60 moons
Our solar system consists of millions of rocky asteroids
Our solar system consists of billions of icy comets
The solar system is said to be over 5 billion years old.
Planets are different in sizes and colors. The four planets closer to the Sun are called ‘rocky’ planets.
Only two planets have (Earth and Mars) have moons
The asteroid belt is a zone between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can be seen with the naked eye (Without telescope or binoculars)
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called ‘rocky’ or’ terrestial’ planets.
`Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called the gaseous planets.
Jupiter and Saturn contain the largest percentages of hydrogen and helium, while Uranus and Neptune contain largest shares of ices, frozen water, ammonia, methane, and carbon monoxide.
The four gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, have rings.
Hubble is one of the worlds most powerful telescopes.
The Sun is too bright for the Hubble Space Telescope to observe.
The sun is 330330 times larger than the earth.
The earth began billions of years ago as a huge ball of swirling dust and gases.
Earth is only known planet where life began on 600 million years ago.
THE SUN
The Sun is the most prominent feature in our solar system. It is the largest object and contains approximately 98% of the total solar system mass. One hundred and nine Earths would be required to fit across the Sun's disk, and its interior could hold over 1.3 million Earths. The Sun's outer visible layer is called the photosphere and has a temperature of 6,000°C (11,000°F). This layer has a mottled appearance due to the turbulent eruptions of energy at the surface.
Solar energy is created deep within the core of the Sun. It is here that the temperature (15,000,000° C; 27,000,000° F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth's air pressure at sea level) is so intense that nuclear reactions take place. This reaction causes four protons or hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus. The alpha particle is about .7 percent less massive than the four protons. The difference in mass is expelled as energy and is carried to the surface of the Sun, through a process known as where it is released as light and heat. Energy generated in the Sun's core takes a million years to reach its surface. Every second 700 million tons of hydrogen are converted into helium ashes. In the process 5 million tons of pure energy is released; therefore, as time goes on the Sun is becoming lighter.
The chromosphere is above the photosphere. Solar energy passes through this region on its way out from the center of the Sun. Faculae and flares arise in the chromosphere. Faculae are bright luminous hydrogen clouds which form above regions where sunspots are about to form. Flares are bright filaments of hot gas emerging from sunspot regions. Sunspots are dark depressions on the photosphere with a typical temperature of 4,000°C (7,000°F).
The corona is the outer part of the Sun's atmosphere. It is in this region that prominences appears. Prominences are immense clouds of glowing gas that erupt from the upper chromosphere. The outer region of the corona stretches far into space and consists of particles traveling slowly away from the Sun. The corona can only be seen during total solar eclipses.
The Sun appears to have been active for 4.6 billion years and has enough fuel to go on for another five billion years or so. At the end of its life, the Sun will start to fuse helium into heavier elements and begin to swell up, ultimately growing so large that it will swallow the Earth. the final end product of a star like ours. It may take a trillion years to cool off completely.
Sun Statistics
Mass (kg)
1.989e+30
Mass (Earth = 1)
332,830
Equatorial radius (km)
695,000
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1)
108.97
Mean density (gm/cm^3)
1.410
Rotational period (days)
25-36*
Escape velocity (km/sec)
618.02
Luminosity (ergs/sec)
3.827e33
Magnitude (Vo)
-26.8
Mean surface temperature
6,000°C
Age (billion years)
4.5
Principal chemistry
HydrogenHeliumOxygen CarbonNitrogenNeonIronSiliconMagnesiumSulfurAll others
92.1%7.8%0.061%0.030%0.0084%0.0076%0.0037%0.0031%0.0024%0.0015%0.0015%
* The Sun's period of rotation at the surface varies from approximately 25 days at the equator to 36 days at the poles. Deep down, below the convective zone, everything appears to rotate with a period of 27 days.
EARTH SOME FACTS
Earth Some Important Facts
Age
4,550 million years
Mass
5.976 x 10kg
Volume
1.083 x 10 litres
Mean Density
5.518 kg/lt
Total Surface Area
510 million sq.km
Land Area
29.2% of the total surface area
Water Area
70.8% of the total surface area
Equatorial Diameter
12,755 km
Polar Diameter
12,712 km
Escape Velocity
11.2 km/sec
Highest Land Point
Mount Everest (8,852 m)
Lowest Land Point
Dead Sea (396 m)
Greatest Ocean Depth
Mariana Trench (11,033 m)
Equatorial Circumference
40,076 km
Polar Circumference
40,024 km
Mean Surface Temperature
14C
Maximum distance from sun (Aphelion)
About 152 million km
Minimum distance from sun (Perihelion)
About 147 million km
Rotation Speed
23 hrs, 56 min & 40.91 sec
Revolution Speed
365 days, 5hrs & 45.51 sec
Dates when days & nights are equal
Mar,21 (Vernal Equinox); Sept. 23 (Autumnal Equinox)
Dates of longest days and shortest nights
June 21 (Summer Solstice); Dec, 22 (Winter Solstice)
Age
4,550 million years
Mass
5.976 x 10kg
Volume
1.083 x 10 litres
Mean Density
5.518 kg/lt
Total Surface Area
510 million sq.km
Land Area
29.2% of the total surface area
Water Area
70.8% of the total surface area
Equatorial Diameter
12,755 km
Polar Diameter
12,712 km
Escape Velocity
11.2 km/sec
Highest Land Point
Mount Everest (8,852 m)
Lowest Land Point
Dead Sea (396 m)
Greatest Ocean Depth
Mariana Trench (11,033 m)
Equatorial Circumference
40,076 km
Polar Circumference
40,024 km
Mean Surface Temperature
14C
Maximum distance from sun (Aphelion)
About 152 million km
Minimum distance from sun (Perihelion)
About 147 million km
Rotation Speed
23 hrs, 56 min & 40.91 sec
Revolution Speed
365 days, 5hrs & 45.51 sec
Dates when days & nights are equal
Mar,21 (Vernal Equinox); Sept. 23 (Autumnal Equinox)
Dates of longest days and shortest nights
June 21 (Summer Solstice); Dec, 22 (Winter Solstice)
Its a common perception that the earth began billions of years ago as a huge ball of swirling dust and gases.
Lightning strikes about 6,000 times per minute on earth. and atleast 2000 Number of lightning strikes over the earth per second.
A bolt of lightning is about 54,000°F (30,000°C) which is actually six times hotter than the surface of the sun.
Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil are the five countries with the biggest area on Earth.
The earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.
As the sun warms the earth’s surface, the atmosphere warms too. Some parts of the earth receive direct rays from the sun all year and are always warm.
Warm air, which weighs less than cool air, rises. Then cool air moves in and replaces the rising warm air. This movement of air is what makes the wind blow.
The average lightning bolt is about an inch wide and five miles long.
The names of the continents all end with the same letter with which they start.
Scientists believes the invertebrate life began on earth about 600 million years ago.
Fish evolved about 300 million years ago on the earth.
Humans began to use clothing about 70 million years ago.
The first words were spoken by humans about 40 thousand years ago.
Cave paintings have been identified from about 30 million years ago.
pyramids were build about 4.5k years ago.
the Roman empire lasted about 500 years ago, from 0 to 500 AD
the Greek civilization lasted about 2k years, from about 4k years ago to 2k years ago
Agricultural habits began about 11k years ago when most of the large animals had been killed.
Tools began to be used about 180k years ago
100 years ago the first virus was found in both plants and animals.
The oldest known fossil is of a single-celled organism, blue-green algae, found in 3.2 billion year-old stones in South Africa.
Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere (about 49.5%)
Our planet - Earth
Position in solar systemThird planet from the sun and fifth largest planet of the eight planets.DimensionsMean radius : 6,371.0 kmVolume : 1.0832073 × (1012) (KM2)Mass : 5.9736 × (1024) kgMean density : 5.5153 g/(cm3)Surface pressure : 101.3 kPaTime taken in one Rotation23h 56m 4.1sAtmospheric compositionNitrogen(78.08%), Oxygen(20.95%), Argon(0.93%), Carbon Dioxide(0.038%), Others(1%)Chemical compositionIron (32.1%), Oxygen (30.1%), Silicon (15.1%), Magnesium (13.9%), Sulfur (2.9%), Nickel (1.8%), Calcium (1.5%), and Aluminium (1.4%) and Others(1.2%)
TEACHERS DAY WORLDWIDE
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Afghanistan 24 May - On this day the schools are going on leave but the students and teachers are coming and celebrate the Teacher's Day at schools with special tradition food, cookies, music(in some schools) and presents to the teachers.
Albania March 7 - In 1867, the first school which taught lessons in Albanian was opened in the small city of Korea.
Albania March 7 - In 1867, the first school which taught lessons in Albanian was opened in the small city of Korea.
Argentina September 11 - To honor the work of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento after he died
Australia Last Friday of October 1
Azerbaijan October 5 - Between 1965 and 1994, the first Sunday of October. Since 1994, on October 5, to coincide with the World Teachers' Day (est. 1994 by UNESCO).
Bhutan May 2 - Established and marked on the birth anniversary of the third King of Bhutan, who introduced modern education in the country
Bolivia June 6
Brazil Oct 15 - A decree regulating the elementary schools in Brazil. The celebration gained popularity throughout the country, and October 15 was officially designated Teachers' Day in 1963.
Chile Oct 16 - In 1975, the date chosen to celebrate Teachers' Day was December 10, because on that day, in the year 1945, the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral received the Nobel Prize- But in 1977, the date was changed to October 16, because of the foundation of the Colegio de Profesores de Chile (Teachers' College of Chile).
China (PRC) Sept 10 - Usually there are some activities for the students to show their appreciation to the teachers, such as presenting gifts including cards and flowers
Columbia May 15
Croatia Oct 5 - Classes aren't held on Teacher's Day.
Czec republic March 28 - The Birthday of John Amos Comenius. Czech students nominate the teachers, whose approach most motivates and inspires them, to the competition Zlaty Amos (Golden Amos). The coronation of "Golden Amos" take place yearly on March 28.
Ecuador April 13
El Salvador June 22 - Observed as a national holiday.
Hong Kong Sept 10 - Before Hong Kong Handover, Teachers' day was on September 28, which followed the tradition from Republic of China since 1950s. After the sovereignty was transferred to People's Republic of China in 1997, the day changed to September 10, which is the same as PRC's one.
Hungary First Sunday of June
India Sept 5 It is the birthday of the second President of India, academic philosopher Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. It is considered a "celebration" day, where teachers and students report to school as usual but the usual activities and classes are replaced by activities of celebration, thanks and remembrance.
At some schools on this day, the responsibility of teaching is taken up by the senior students as an appreciation for their teachers.
Indonesia Nov 25 - National Teacher's Day is commemorated in the same time as PGRI's birthday (PGRI is Indonesian's Teacher Association).
National Teacher's Day in not a holiday, and it is celebrated by having a ceremonial activity by giving a recognition to a certain teachers, head masters, and/ or school attendant.
Iran May 2 - Commemorating the martyrdom of Morteza Motahari on May 2,1979
Jamaica May 6 - Teachers' Day is normally celebrated on May 6 or the first Wed in May. In celebration of Teachers' Day, it is common for students and parents to bring teachers gifts. Additionally, most schools are closed early (half-day).
Lithuania Oct 5 - Between 1965 and 1994, the first Sunday of October. Since 1994, on October 5, to coincide with the World Teachers' Day (est. 1994 by UNESCO).
Lebanon March 3 - Between March 3 and March 9 all the celibrations happen. Lebanese people are known for their love and respect to teachers.
Malaysia May 16 - This date was chosen because in the same month in 1956, the Federal Legislative Council of the Malay States had received several suggestions (documents) from the Education Committee regarding Teachers' Day as the base of education in Malaysia.
The document, known as the Razak Report, has become the foundation of education in Malaysia ever since. Although it is not an official school holiday, celebrations are usually held on May 16, or earlier, if it falls on a Saturday or Sunday
Mexico May 15
Mongolia first weekend of February
Pakistan Oct 5 - It recognizes the importance of teachers and attributes progress to the quality of teachers in Pakistan's Educational System.
Panama Dec 1 - Death of Manuel Jose Hurtado
Paraguay April 30
Peru July 6 - During the independence of Peru, libertador don Jose de San Martin founded the first Normal School for Men by means of a resolution passed by Marquis of Torre-Tagle on July 6,1822.
Many years later, on 1953, the then president Manuel A. Odria decreed Teachers' Day to be commemorated on the 6 of July.
Philippines Oct 5 - By Presidential Proclamation No. 479 to honour more than 500,000 teachers nationwide. However, in the Philippines Teacher's Day is actually celebrated in schools between the months of September and October (mainly elementary and secondary levels).
Teachers are presented with orchid corsages by students. Groups of students representing various grade levels perform short skits or song and dance numbers, or read poetry for their teachers in front of fellow schoolmates in school-wide activities.
These activities are planned by senior students in the Student Council who coordinate the activities well in advance. For Filipino-Chinese schools, a program is usually organized by students for teachers on September 27, while September 28, considered as the actual Teacher's Day, is a school holiday where both teachers and students are allowed to rest.
September 28 was chosen because it is known as the birthday of famous Chinese philosopher Confucius.
For some universities in the Metro Manila area, Catholic Teachers' Day is celebrated on the second week of February.
Poland Oct 14 - On this day is the anniversary of creation the Commission of National Education, created in 1773 from the initiative of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
Russia Oct 5 - Between 1965 and 1994, the first Sunday of October. Since 1994, on October 5, to coincide with the World Teachers' Day (est. 1994 by UNESCO).
Singapore Sept 1 - An official school holiday. Celebrations are normally conducted the day before, when students get half a day off.
Slovakia March 28 - The birthday of John Amos Comenius.
South Korea May 15 since 1963 in Seoul and 1964 in Chunju city - Originally it was started by a group of red-cross youth team members who visited their sick ex-teachers at hospitals.
The national celebration ceremony had been stopped between 1973 and 1982 and it resumed after that. On the celebration day, teachers are usually presented with carnations by their students, and both enjoy a shorter school day.
Ex-students pay their respects to the former teachers by visiting them and handing a carnation. Many schools now close on Teacher's Day because of the rampant bribery implicit in the expensive gifts often given to teachers. Schools can use the day to have an outing for the teachers.
Republic of China (Taiwan) Sept 28 - The day honors teachers' virtues, pains, and also their contribution not only to their own students but also to the whole society. People often make use of the day to express their gratitude to their teachers, such as paying them a visit or sending them a card.
This date was chosen to commemorate the birth of Confucius/believed to be the model master educator in ancient China. In 1939, the Ministry of Education established the national holiday to be August 27, the attributed birthday of Confucius.
In 1952, the Executive Yuan changed it to September, stating that it was calculated to be the precise date in the Gregorian calendar. The festival celebration occurs in the temples of Confucius around the island, known as the "Grand Ceremony Dedicated to Confucius".
The ceremony begins at 6 AM with drum beats. 5.4 musicians dress in robes with blue belts, 36 (or 64) dancers dress in yellow with green belts. They are led by Confucius's chief descendant (currently Kung Te-cheng) and followed by ceremonial officers.
Three animals the cow, the goat, and the pig -are sacrificed. The hairs plucked from these sacrificed animals are called the Hairs of Wisdom. In addition, local education institutes and civil offices award certain teachers for their excellence and positive influence.
Thailand Jan 16 - Adopted as Teachers' Day in the Thailand by a resolution of the government on November 21,1956. The first Teachers' Day was held in 1957.
Turkey Nov 24 - Mustafa Kemal Atatiirk thought and stated that "New generation will be created by teachers". Atatiirk was also considered as Prime Teacher, because he adopted a new alphabet for the newly founded Turkish Republic on 1923.
United states of America Tuesday during Teacher Appreciation Week, which takes place in the first full week of May - Students often show appreciation for their teachers with token gifts. The National Education Association describes National Teacher Day as "a day for honoring teachers and recognizing the lasting contributions they make to our lives".
The NEA gives a history of National Teacher Day: - The origins of Teacher Day are murky. Around 1944 Wisconsin teacher Ryan Krug began corresponding with political and education leaders about the need for a national day to honor teachers. Woodbridge wrote to Eleanor Roosevelt who in 1953 persuaded the 81st Congress to proclaim a National Teacher Day.
NEA along with its Kansas and Indiana state affiliates and the Dodge City (Kan) local lobbied Congress to create a national day celebrating teachers. Congress declared March 7,1980, as National Teacher Day for that year only.
NEA and its affiliates continued to observe Teacher Day on the first Tuesday in March until 1985, when the National PTA established Teacher Appreciation Week as the first full week of May. The NEA Representative Assembly then voted to make the Tuesday of that week National Teacher Day.
As of September 7,1976, September 11 was also adopted as Teachers' Day in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Currently, Massachusetts sets the first Sunday of June as its own Teachers' Day, annually.
Vietnam Nov 20 - This holiday allows students to express their respect to their teacher. Students begin preparing a week in advance, and many classes usually prepare literature and art to welcome teacher's day, while other student prepare foods and flowers for the parties held at their schools.
Students usually visit their teachers at their homes to offer flowers and small gifts, or organize trips with their teachers and classmates. Former students also pay respect to their former teachers on this day. The holiday has its origins in a meeting between educators in communist bloc nations in Warsaw in 1957.
It was first celebrated in 1958 as the Day of the International Manifest of Educators; in 1982 the day is renamed Vietnamese Educators' Day.
Oman., Syria. Egypt, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates. Yemen. Tunisia. Jordan. Saudi Arabia. Algeria. Morocco February 28.
Australia Last Friday of October 1
Azerbaijan October 5 - Between 1965 and 1994, the first Sunday of October. Since 1994, on October 5, to coincide with the World Teachers' Day (est. 1994 by UNESCO).
Bhutan May 2 - Established and marked on the birth anniversary of the third King of Bhutan, who introduced modern education in the country
Bolivia June 6
Brazil Oct 15 - A decree regulating the elementary schools in Brazil. The celebration gained popularity throughout the country, and October 15 was officially designated Teachers' Day in 1963.
Chile Oct 16 - In 1975, the date chosen to celebrate Teachers' Day was December 10, because on that day, in the year 1945, the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral received the Nobel Prize- But in 1977, the date was changed to October 16, because of the foundation of the Colegio de Profesores de Chile (Teachers' College of Chile).
China (PRC) Sept 10 - Usually there are some activities for the students to show their appreciation to the teachers, such as presenting gifts including cards and flowers
Columbia May 15
Croatia Oct 5 - Classes aren't held on Teacher's Day.
Czec republic March 28 - The Birthday of John Amos Comenius. Czech students nominate the teachers, whose approach most motivates and inspires them, to the competition Zlaty Amos (Golden Amos). The coronation of "Golden Amos" take place yearly on March 28.
Ecuador April 13
El Salvador June 22 - Observed as a national holiday.
Hong Kong Sept 10 - Before Hong Kong Handover, Teachers' day was on September 28, which followed the tradition from Republic of China since 1950s. After the sovereignty was transferred to People's Republic of China in 1997, the day changed to September 10, which is the same as PRC's one.
Hungary First Sunday of June
India Sept 5 It is the birthday of the second President of India, academic philosopher Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. It is considered a "celebration" day, where teachers and students report to school as usual but the usual activities and classes are replaced by activities of celebration, thanks and remembrance.
At some schools on this day, the responsibility of teaching is taken up by the senior students as an appreciation for their teachers.
Indonesia Nov 25 - National Teacher's Day is commemorated in the same time as PGRI's birthday (PGRI is Indonesian's Teacher Association).
National Teacher's Day in not a holiday, and it is celebrated by having a ceremonial activity by giving a recognition to a certain teachers, head masters, and/ or school attendant.
Iran May 2 - Commemorating the martyrdom of Morteza Motahari on May 2,1979
Jamaica May 6 - Teachers' Day is normally celebrated on May 6 or the first Wed in May. In celebration of Teachers' Day, it is common for students and parents to bring teachers gifts. Additionally, most schools are closed early (half-day).
Lithuania Oct 5 - Between 1965 and 1994, the first Sunday of October. Since 1994, on October 5, to coincide with the World Teachers' Day (est. 1994 by UNESCO).
Lebanon March 3 - Between March 3 and March 9 all the celibrations happen. Lebanese people are known for their love and respect to teachers.
Malaysia May 16 - This date was chosen because in the same month in 1956, the Federal Legislative Council of the Malay States had received several suggestions (documents) from the Education Committee regarding Teachers' Day as the base of education in Malaysia.
The document, known as the Razak Report, has become the foundation of education in Malaysia ever since. Although it is not an official school holiday, celebrations are usually held on May 16, or earlier, if it falls on a Saturday or Sunday
Mexico May 15
Mongolia first weekend of February
Pakistan Oct 5 - It recognizes the importance of teachers and attributes progress to the quality of teachers in Pakistan's Educational System.
Panama Dec 1 - Death of Manuel Jose Hurtado
Paraguay April 30
Peru July 6 - During the independence of Peru, libertador don Jose de San Martin founded the first Normal School for Men by means of a resolution passed by Marquis of Torre-Tagle on July 6,1822.
Many years later, on 1953, the then president Manuel A. Odria decreed Teachers' Day to be commemorated on the 6 of July.
Philippines Oct 5 - By Presidential Proclamation No. 479 to honour more than 500,000 teachers nationwide. However, in the Philippines Teacher's Day is actually celebrated in schools between the months of September and October (mainly elementary and secondary levels).
Teachers are presented with orchid corsages by students. Groups of students representing various grade levels perform short skits or song and dance numbers, or read poetry for their teachers in front of fellow schoolmates in school-wide activities.
These activities are planned by senior students in the Student Council who coordinate the activities well in advance. For Filipino-Chinese schools, a program is usually organized by students for teachers on September 27, while September 28, considered as the actual Teacher's Day, is a school holiday where both teachers and students are allowed to rest.
September 28 was chosen because it is known as the birthday of famous Chinese philosopher Confucius.
For some universities in the Metro Manila area, Catholic Teachers' Day is celebrated on the second week of February.
Poland Oct 14 - On this day is the anniversary of creation the Commission of National Education, created in 1773 from the initiative of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski.
Russia Oct 5 - Between 1965 and 1994, the first Sunday of October. Since 1994, on October 5, to coincide with the World Teachers' Day (est. 1994 by UNESCO).
Singapore Sept 1 - An official school holiday. Celebrations are normally conducted the day before, when students get half a day off.
Slovakia March 28 - The birthday of John Amos Comenius.
South Korea May 15 since 1963 in Seoul and 1964 in Chunju city - Originally it was started by a group of red-cross youth team members who visited their sick ex-teachers at hospitals.
The national celebration ceremony had been stopped between 1973 and 1982 and it resumed after that. On the celebration day, teachers are usually presented with carnations by their students, and both enjoy a shorter school day.
Ex-students pay their respects to the former teachers by visiting them and handing a carnation. Many schools now close on Teacher's Day because of the rampant bribery implicit in the expensive gifts often given to teachers. Schools can use the day to have an outing for the teachers.
Republic of China (Taiwan) Sept 28 - The day honors teachers' virtues, pains, and also their contribution not only to their own students but also to the whole society. People often make use of the day to express their gratitude to their teachers, such as paying them a visit or sending them a card.
This date was chosen to commemorate the birth of Confucius/believed to be the model master educator in ancient China. In 1939, the Ministry of Education established the national holiday to be August 27, the attributed birthday of Confucius.
In 1952, the Executive Yuan changed it to September, stating that it was calculated to be the precise date in the Gregorian calendar. The festival celebration occurs in the temples of Confucius around the island, known as the "Grand Ceremony Dedicated to Confucius".
The ceremony begins at 6 AM with drum beats. 5.4 musicians dress in robes with blue belts, 36 (or 64) dancers dress in yellow with green belts. They are led by Confucius's chief descendant (currently Kung Te-cheng) and followed by ceremonial officers.
Three animals the cow, the goat, and the pig -are sacrificed. The hairs plucked from these sacrificed animals are called the Hairs of Wisdom. In addition, local education institutes and civil offices award certain teachers for their excellence and positive influence.
Thailand Jan 16 - Adopted as Teachers' Day in the Thailand by a resolution of the government on November 21,1956. The first Teachers' Day was held in 1957.
Turkey Nov 24 - Mustafa Kemal Atatiirk thought and stated that "New generation will be created by teachers". Atatiirk was also considered as Prime Teacher, because he adopted a new alphabet for the newly founded Turkish Republic on 1923.
United states of America Tuesday during Teacher Appreciation Week, which takes place in the first full week of May - Students often show appreciation for their teachers with token gifts. The National Education Association describes National Teacher Day as "a day for honoring teachers and recognizing the lasting contributions they make to our lives".
The NEA gives a history of National Teacher Day: - The origins of Teacher Day are murky. Around 1944 Wisconsin teacher Ryan Krug began corresponding with political and education leaders about the need for a national day to honor teachers. Woodbridge wrote to Eleanor Roosevelt who in 1953 persuaded the 81st Congress to proclaim a National Teacher Day.
NEA along with its Kansas and Indiana state affiliates and the Dodge City (Kan) local lobbied Congress to create a national day celebrating teachers. Congress declared March 7,1980, as National Teacher Day for that year only.
NEA and its affiliates continued to observe Teacher Day on the first Tuesday in March until 1985, when the National PTA established Teacher Appreciation Week as the first full week of May. The NEA Representative Assembly then voted to make the Tuesday of that week National Teacher Day.
As of September 7,1976, September 11 was also adopted as Teachers' Day in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Currently, Massachusetts sets the first Sunday of June as its own Teachers' Day, annually.
Vietnam Nov 20 - This holiday allows students to express their respect to their teacher. Students begin preparing a week in advance, and many classes usually prepare literature and art to welcome teacher's day, while other student prepare foods and flowers for the parties held at their schools.
Students usually visit their teachers at their homes to offer flowers and small gifts, or organize trips with their teachers and classmates. Former students also pay respect to their former teachers on this day. The holiday has its origins in a meeting between educators in communist bloc nations in Warsaw in 1957.
It was first celebrated in 1958 as the Day of the International Manifest of Educators; in 1982 the day is renamed Vietnamese Educators' Day.
Oman., Syria. Egypt, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates. Yemen. Tunisia. Jordan. Saudi Arabia. Algeria. Morocco February 28.
WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES
- Name Place State
Chandraprabha Sanctuary Varanasi Uttar Pradesh
Dachigam Sanctuary Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir
Ghana Bird Sanctuary Bharatpur Rajasthan
Ghatprabha Bird Sanctuary Belgaum Karnataka
Jaldapara Sanctuary Jalpaiguri West Bengal
Kutree Game Sanctuary Bestar Madhya Pradesh
Manas Tigar Sanctuary Barpeta Assam
Melapattu Bird Sanctuary Nellor Andra Pradesh
Mudumalai Sanctuary Nilgiris Tamil Nadu
Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctury Ahmedabad Gujarat
Palamau Tiger Sanctuary Daltonganj Bihar
Periyar Sanctuary Idduki Kerala
Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan
Ranthambhor Tiger Sanctuary Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan
Similipal Tiger Sanctuary Mayurbhanj Orissa
Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary Gurgaon Haryana
Sunderbans Tiger Sanctuary 24-Parganas West Bengal
Saturday, January 30, 2010
Some Important Facts Of Human Body
Some Important Facts of Human Body
Length of alimentary canal Approximately 8 meters
BMR (Basal metabolic rate) 1600 K.cal/day
Number calls in body 75 trillion
Longest bone Femur (thigh bone)
Smallest bone Ear ossicle, stapes
Weight of brain 1400 gms
Blood volume 6.8 litres (in 70 kg body)
Normal B.P 120/80 mm Hg
Number of R.B.C (a) In male: 4.5-5.0 million/cubic mm
(b) In female: 4.0-4.5 million/cubic mm
Life span of R.B.C 120 days
Normal W.B.C count 5000-10000/cubic mm
Life span of W.B.C 3-4 days
D.L.C (Differential leucocyte count) (a) Basophils-0.5-1%
(b) Eosinophils-1-3%
(c) Monocytes-3-8%
(d) Neutrophils-40-70%
(e) Lymphocytes-2-25%
Blood platelets count 2,00,000-4,00,000/cubic mm
Haemoglobin (a) In male: 14-15.6 gm/100 c.c of blood
(b) In female: 11-14 gm/100 c.c of blood
Hb content in body 500-700 gm
Universal blood donor O Rh-ve
Universal blood recipient AB
Blood clotting time 2-5 minutes
Average body weight 70 kg
Normal body temperature 98.4.F or 37.C
Breathing rate 16-20 minutes
Dental formula adult:2123/2123=32
child: 2120/2120=22 milk teeth
Number of cranial nerves 12 pairs
Number of spinal nerves 31 pairs
Largest endocrine gland Thyroid
Gestation period 9 months (253-266 days)
Normal heart beat 72-75/ minutes
Largest gland Liver
Largest muscles in the body Gluteus maximus (Buttock muscle)
Largest smooth muscle Uterus of pregnant women
Smallest muscles in the body Stapedius
Largest artery Abdominal aorta
Largest vein Inferior venacava
Largest W.B.C Monocyte
Smallest W.B.C Lymphocyte
Greatest regeneration power In liver
Longest nerve Sciatic
Longest cell Neuron (nerve cell)
Menstrual cycle 28 days
Menopause age 45-50 years
Minimum regeneration power In brain cell
Minimum distance for proper vision 25 cm
Type of placenta Haemochorial (Chorioallantoic)
Pulse rate 72/minute
Volume of semen 2-4 ml/ejaculation
Normal sperm count 200-350 million/ejaculation
ESR (normal Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) 4.10 min/hour
Thinnest skin Conjunctiva
pH of gastric juice 1.4
pH of urine 6.0
pH of blood 7.35-7.45
In 24 hours, An average human heart beats 1,03,689 times.
In 24 hours, An average human Lungs respire 23,045 times.
In 24 hours, An average human Blood flows 16,80,000 miles.
An average human Nails grow 0.00007 inches in every 24 hours, .
An average human Hair grows 0.01715 inches in 24 hours, .
In 24 hours, An average human Take 2.9 pounds Water (including all liquids).
In 24 hours, An average human Take 3.25 pounds FOOD.
In 24 hours, An average human Breathe 438 cubic feet AIR.
In 24 hours, An average human Lose 85.60, BODY TEMPERATURE.
In 24 hours, An average human Produce 1.43 pints SWEAT.
In 24 hours, An average human Speak 4,800 WORDS.
In 24 hours, An average human During SLEEP move 25.4 times.
The fastest human beings runs only about 30 kilometres per hour (18 miles per hour).
About 10% of the world’s population is left-handed.
A person afflicted with hexadectylism has six fingers or six toes on one or both hands and feet
A human eye blinks over 10,000,000 times a year!
The vocabulary of the average person consists of 5,000 to 6,000 words.
The average person laughs about 15 times a day
Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails!
Never hold your nose and cover your mouth when sneezing, as it can blow out your eyeballs.
People who ride on roller coasters have a higher chance of having a blood clot in the brain.
Sneezing stops heart beat for a second and then continues.
Shape of the backbone is important to have sufficient breathing.
Like fingerprints, everyone’s tongue print is different.
Length of alimentary canal Approximately 8 meters
BMR (Basal metabolic rate) 1600 K.cal/day
Number calls in body 75 trillion
Longest bone Femur (thigh bone)
Smallest bone Ear ossicle, stapes
Weight of brain 1400 gms
Blood volume 6.8 litres (in 70 kg body)
Normal B.P 120/80 mm Hg
Number of R.B.C (a) In male: 4.5-5.0 million/cubic mm
(b) In female: 4.0-4.5 million/cubic mm
Life span of R.B.C 120 days
Normal W.B.C count 5000-10000/cubic mm
Life span of W.B.C 3-4 days
D.L.C (Differential leucocyte count) (a) Basophils-0.5-1%
(b) Eosinophils-1-3%
(c) Monocytes-3-8%
(d) Neutrophils-40-70%
(e) Lymphocytes-2-25%
Blood platelets count 2,00,000-4,00,000/cubic mm
Haemoglobin (a) In male: 14-15.6 gm/100 c.c of blood
(b) In female: 11-14 gm/100 c.c of blood
Hb content in body 500-700 gm
Universal blood donor O Rh-ve
Universal blood recipient AB
Blood clotting time 2-5 minutes
Average body weight 70 kg
Normal body temperature 98.4.F or 37.C
Breathing rate 16-20 minutes
Dental formula adult:2123/2123=32
child: 2120/2120=22 milk teeth
Number of cranial nerves 12 pairs
Number of spinal nerves 31 pairs
Largest endocrine gland Thyroid
Gestation period 9 months (253-266 days)
Normal heart beat 72-75/ minutes
Largest gland Liver
Largest muscles in the body Gluteus maximus (Buttock muscle)
Largest smooth muscle Uterus of pregnant women
Smallest muscles in the body Stapedius
Largest artery Abdominal aorta
Largest vein Inferior venacava
Largest W.B.C Monocyte
Smallest W.B.C Lymphocyte
Greatest regeneration power In liver
Longest nerve Sciatic
Longest cell Neuron (nerve cell)
Menstrual cycle 28 days
Menopause age 45-50 years
Minimum regeneration power In brain cell
Minimum distance for proper vision 25 cm
Type of placenta Haemochorial (Chorioallantoic)
Pulse rate 72/minute
Volume of semen 2-4 ml/ejaculation
Normal sperm count 200-350 million/ejaculation
ESR (normal Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) 4.10 min/hour
Thinnest skin Conjunctiva
pH of gastric juice 1.4
pH of urine 6.0
pH of blood 7.35-7.45
In 24 hours, An average human heart beats 1,03,689 times.
In 24 hours, An average human Lungs respire 23,045 times.
In 24 hours, An average human Blood flows 16,80,000 miles.
An average human Nails grow 0.00007 inches in every 24 hours, .
An average human Hair grows 0.01715 inches in 24 hours, .
In 24 hours, An average human Take 2.9 pounds Water (including all liquids).
In 24 hours, An average human Take 3.25 pounds FOOD.
In 24 hours, An average human Breathe 438 cubic feet AIR.
In 24 hours, An average human Lose 85.60, BODY TEMPERATURE.
In 24 hours, An average human Produce 1.43 pints SWEAT.
In 24 hours, An average human Speak 4,800 WORDS.
In 24 hours, An average human During SLEEP move 25.4 times.
The fastest human beings runs only about 30 kilometres per hour (18 miles per hour).
About 10% of the world’s population is left-handed.
A person afflicted with hexadectylism has six fingers or six toes on one or both hands and feet
A human eye blinks over 10,000,000 times a year!
The vocabulary of the average person consists of 5,000 to 6,000 words.
The average person laughs about 15 times a day
Fingernails grow nearly 4 times faster than toenails!
Never hold your nose and cover your mouth when sneezing, as it can blow out your eyeballs.
People who ride on roller coasters have a higher chance of having a blood clot in the brain.
Sneezing stops heart beat for a second and then continues.
Shape of the backbone is important to have sufficient breathing.
Like fingerprints, everyone’s tongue print is different.
solar system
Pluto Diameter 3,040 Kilometer
Moons 1
Avg.Distance to Sun 5,865.5 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 248 Years
Facts This Planet is the farthest, the smallest, the darkest, the coldest and arguably the strangest.
It follows the most elongated and tilted orbit in the solar system.
Its moon, Charon, is nearly half its size - appears like a bi-planet.
NASA used a new infra-red telescope, has learned that Pluto is shrouded in frozen nitrogen- not methane as once thought. Nitrogen makes 78% of the air.
Neptune Diameter 49,000 Kilometer
Moons 8
Avg.Distance to Sun 4,497 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 165 Years
Facts It is denser & little smaller than Uranus.
Its Atmosphere appear blue, with quickly changing white clouds often suspended high above an apparent surface.
Atmosphere constituents are mostly hydrocarbon compounds.
It Emits about 2.3 times more energy than it receives from the sun and the Aurora phenomenon was noticed by Voyager II.
Uranus Diameter 52,096 Kilometer
Moons 17
Avg.Distance to Sun 2,852.8 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 84 Years
Facts Waterly Uranus is the only planet that lies on its side.
One pole, than the other, faces the Sun as it orbits.
Voyager-I found nine dark, compact rings around the planet and a corkscrew-shaped magnetic field that stretches millions of kilometers.
Mars Diameter 6,755.2 Kilometer
Moons 2
Avg.Distance to Sun 225.6 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 687 Days
Facts The Viking probes failed to Beneath its thin atmosphere.
Mars is barren, covered with pink soil and boulders.
Long ago it was active, the surface is marked with dormant volcanoes and deep chasms where water once freely flowed.
Venus Diameter 12,032 Kilometer
Moons None
Avg.Distance to Sun 107.52 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 225 Days
Facts Earth's twin in size and mass, sparingly hot Venus is perpetually veiled behind reflective sulfuric-acid clouds.
Probes and radar mapping have pierced the clouds and carbon-dioxide environment to reveal flat, rocky plains & signs of volcanic activity.
Mercury Diameter 4,849.6 Kilometer
Moons None
Avg.Distance to Sun 57.6 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 88 Days
Facts Tiny Mercury, slightly larger than Earth's moon.
Races along its elliptical orbital 1,76,000 kilometer per hour.
A speed that keeps it from being drawn into the Sun's gravity field.
The crated planet has no atmosphere, days are scorching hot and nights, frigid.
Earth Diameter 12,732.2 Kilometer
Moons 1
Avg.Distance to Sun 148.8 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 365 Days
Facts Uniquely moderate temperature and the presence of oxygen and copious water maker Earth the only planet in the solar system to support life.
Jupiter Diameter 1,41,968 Kilometer
Moons 16
Avg.Distance to Sun 772.8 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 11.9 Years
Facts Two Pioneer space probes photographed the Great Red Spot on the Solar system's largest planet.
Voyagers I and II later showed it is an enormous eddy in the turbulent cloud cover. Earth the only planet in the solar system to support life.
They also spotted dusty rings, three new moons and volcanoes on the Moon.
Saturn Diameter 1,19,296 Kilometer
Moons 20 or more
Avg.Distance to Sun 1,417.6 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 29.5 Years
Facts Voyager I found that the celebrated rings of the golden giant Saturn are composed of thousands of rippling, spiraling bands just 100 feets thick.
The moon Titan has a nitrogen atmosphere and hydrocarbons.
Sun Diameter 13,84,000 Kilometer
Statellites 9 Planets
Age 4.5 billion years
Facts A rather ordinary, middle age star, the gaseous sun may reach a temperature of 27-millon degrees Celsius at its core.
Its 11 years cycle is now approaching a solar maximum, a period marked by frequent sunspots and flares.
On Earth, some radio waves will be disturbed and the amazing sky streamers called Northern Lights will appear
Moons 1
Avg.Distance to Sun 5,865.5 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 248 Years
Facts This Planet is the farthest, the smallest, the darkest, the coldest and arguably the strangest.
It follows the most elongated and tilted orbit in the solar system.
Its moon, Charon, is nearly half its size - appears like a bi-planet.
NASA used a new infra-red telescope, has learned that Pluto is shrouded in frozen nitrogen- not methane as once thought. Nitrogen makes 78% of the air.
Neptune Diameter 49,000 Kilometer
Moons 8
Avg.Distance to Sun 4,497 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 165 Years
Facts It is denser & little smaller than Uranus.
Its Atmosphere appear blue, with quickly changing white clouds often suspended high above an apparent surface.
Atmosphere constituents are mostly hydrocarbon compounds.
It Emits about 2.3 times more energy than it receives from the sun and the Aurora phenomenon was noticed by Voyager II.
Uranus Diameter 52,096 Kilometer
Moons 17
Avg.Distance to Sun 2,852.8 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 84 Years
Facts Waterly Uranus is the only planet that lies on its side.
One pole, than the other, faces the Sun as it orbits.
Voyager-I found nine dark, compact rings around the planet and a corkscrew-shaped magnetic field that stretches millions of kilometers.
Mars Diameter 6,755.2 Kilometer
Moons 2
Avg.Distance to Sun 225.6 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 687 Days
Facts The Viking probes failed to Beneath its thin atmosphere.
Mars is barren, covered with pink soil and boulders.
Long ago it was active, the surface is marked with dormant volcanoes and deep chasms where water once freely flowed.
Venus Diameter 12,032 Kilometer
Moons None
Avg.Distance to Sun 107.52 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 225 Days
Facts Earth's twin in size and mass, sparingly hot Venus is perpetually veiled behind reflective sulfuric-acid clouds.
Probes and radar mapping have pierced the clouds and carbon-dioxide environment to reveal flat, rocky plains & signs of volcanic activity.
Mercury Diameter 4,849.6 Kilometer
Moons None
Avg.Distance to Sun 57.6 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 88 Days
Facts Tiny Mercury, slightly larger than Earth's moon.
Races along its elliptical orbital 1,76,000 kilometer per hour.
A speed that keeps it from being drawn into the Sun's gravity field.
The crated planet has no atmosphere, days are scorching hot and nights, frigid.
Earth Diameter 12,732.2 Kilometer
Moons 1
Avg.Distance to Sun 148.8 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 365 Days
Facts Uniquely moderate temperature and the presence of oxygen and copious water maker Earth the only planet in the solar system to support life.
Jupiter Diameter 1,41,968 Kilometer
Moons 16
Avg.Distance to Sun 772.8 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 11.9 Years
Facts Two Pioneer space probes photographed the Great Red Spot on the Solar system's largest planet.
Voyagers I and II later showed it is an enormous eddy in the turbulent cloud cover. Earth the only planet in the solar system to support life.
They also spotted dusty rings, three new moons and volcanoes on the Moon.
Saturn Diameter 1,19,296 Kilometer
Moons 20 or more
Avg.Distance to Sun 1,417.6 million KM
Time to Orbit the Sun 29.5 Years
Facts Voyager I found that the celebrated rings of the golden giant Saturn are composed of thousands of rippling, spiraling bands just 100 feets thick.
The moon Titan has a nitrogen atmosphere and hydrocarbons.
Sun Diameter 13,84,000 Kilometer
Statellites 9 Planets
Age 4.5 billion years
Facts A rather ordinary, middle age star, the gaseous sun may reach a temperature of 27-millon degrees Celsius at its core.
Its 11 years cycle is now approaching a solar maximum, a period marked by frequent sunspots and flares.
On Earth, some radio waves will be disturbed and the amazing sky streamers called Northern Lights will appear
Well Known Indian Scientists
Aryabhatta: He lived between 476 and 520 A.D. He was a great mathematician and an astronomer. His contributions include about the movement of earth around the Sun, determination of various physical parameters of various celestial bodies, such as diameter of Earth and Moon. He laid foundations of algebra and pointed out the importance of zero. The first Indian satellite was named after him.
Bhagavantam: His contribution to radio astronomy and cosmic rays in noteworthy. An associate of Sir C.V.Raman, Dr.S.Bhagavantam was scientific adviser in the Ministry of Defence and Director General of Defence Research Development Organisation.
Bhaskaracharya: Born in 1114 A.D., bhaskaracharya was a great Hindu mathematician and Astronomer. His work 'Sidhanta Siromain' consists of two parts of mathematics and two parts of astronomy. He had a foresight on the modern theory of conventions.
S.S. Bhatnagar: A great Indian Scientist who lived between 1895 and 1955. He was the first Director General of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Under his directorship, many research laboratories were established throughout India.
J.C.Bose: He was an eminent Physicist and Botanist. He founded Bose Research Institute, Calcutta. He invented Crescograph and lived between 1858 and 1937.
S.N. Bose: He became well-known when he expounded the Bose Einstein theory which deals with the detection of a group of nuclear particles - named after him 'Boson'. His contribution to Planck's Law is laudable. He died in 1974.
Dr. S.Chandrasekhar: An Indian-born American, who won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983. He is an Astrophysicist. His theory of Stellar Evolution - the birth and death of stars is 35 years old. His first discovery was laughed at. After three decades, it was recognised and today he is a Nobel Laureate. According to his theory, the old stars just collapse and disappear in the light of denser stars of low light popularly called Chandrasekhar Limit.
Charaka: He lived between 80 and 180 A.D. He was a court physician of King Kanishka. His writings on Hindu Medicine are invaluable
Dhanvantri: He was a great physician during the period of Chandragupta Vikramaditya. His period was between 375 and 413 A.D.
Hargobind Khorana: He created an artificial gene and deciphered genetic code. He was awarded Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1968.
Homi J.Bhaba: He largely contributed to the development of Atomic Physics and he was primarily responsible for setting up of Nuclear reactors in India. He published important papers on Quantum Theory, Cosmic Rays, Structure of atom, etc. He was the first Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission. He died in a plane crash in 1966 over Alps.
Joshi: Prof. S.S.Joshi's works on physical and chemical reaction under electrical discharge on active nitrogen, colloids, hydrogen peroxide are noteworthy
Nagarjuna: A great Buddhist Philosopher and Chemist. He mentioned about crecibles, sublimation, colouring process etc. His works are still available in China and Tibet. His theory on extraction of copper and metallic oxides are mention-worthy.
Nag Chowdhury B.D: An eminent Indian Nuclear Physicist known all over the world.
Narlikar: J.V.Narlikar was the co-author of Hoyle-Narlikar theory of continuous creation which supplies missing links in Einstein's theory of Relativity. Hoyle and Narlikar have shown that the gravitation is always attractive and there is no gravitational repulsions.
Raja Ramanna: A great nuclear scientist, who was instrumental to stage India's first Nuclear explosion at Pokharan range in 1974.
Sir C.V. Raman: First Indian Scientist to receive Nobel prize for physics in 1929 for his invention 'Raman Effect'. His study of crystal structure is of unique importance. He founded Raman Research Institute at Bangalore.
Sir C.P.Roy: Author of 'Hindu Chemistry'. He founded Indian Chemical Society and Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. He has done good work on nitrous acid and its salts. He lived between 1861- 1944 AD.
Prof. V.Ramachandra Rao: Direction of Indian Scientific Satellite Project (ISSP) at Peenya near Bangalore
Saha Dr.Maghnad: Late Palit Prof.of Physics, University College of Scientific and Technology, Calcutta University well-known for his researches in nuclear physics, cosmic rays, spectrum analysis and other branches of theoretical physics. He lived from 1893 to 1956.
Srinivas Ramanujam: A mathematical wizard, contributed much to number theory, theory of partitions and theory of continuous fractions. He lived between 1887 to 1920 AD. His birth centenary was celebrated in 1987.
Satish Dhavan: He was chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation. He was instrumental to take India into space age by launching Aryabhatta in 1975.
Susruta: A fourth century Hindu Surgeon and Physician. He had written an important book on medicine and on medical properties of garlic.
Varahamihira: An Indian astronomer and astrologer of 6th Century A.D. He was a mathematician and philosopher. He was one of the nine gems of Vikramaditya.
Bhagavantam: His contribution to radio astronomy and cosmic rays in noteworthy. An associate of Sir C.V.Raman, Dr.S.Bhagavantam was scientific adviser in the Ministry of Defence and Director General of Defence Research Development Organisation.
Bhaskaracharya: Born in 1114 A.D., bhaskaracharya was a great Hindu mathematician and Astronomer. His work 'Sidhanta Siromain' consists of two parts of mathematics and two parts of astronomy. He had a foresight on the modern theory of conventions.
S.S. Bhatnagar: A great Indian Scientist who lived between 1895 and 1955. He was the first Director General of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Under his directorship, many research laboratories were established throughout India.
J.C.Bose: He was an eminent Physicist and Botanist. He founded Bose Research Institute, Calcutta. He invented Crescograph and lived between 1858 and 1937.
S.N. Bose: He became well-known when he expounded the Bose Einstein theory which deals with the detection of a group of nuclear particles - named after him 'Boson'. His contribution to Planck's Law is laudable. He died in 1974.
Dr. S.Chandrasekhar: An Indian-born American, who won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983. He is an Astrophysicist. His theory of Stellar Evolution - the birth and death of stars is 35 years old. His first discovery was laughed at. After three decades, it was recognised and today he is a Nobel Laureate. According to his theory, the old stars just collapse and disappear in the light of denser stars of low light popularly called Chandrasekhar Limit.
Charaka: He lived between 80 and 180 A.D. He was a court physician of King Kanishka. His writings on Hindu Medicine are invaluable
Dhanvantri: He was a great physician during the period of Chandragupta Vikramaditya. His period was between 375 and 413 A.D.
Hargobind Khorana: He created an artificial gene and deciphered genetic code. He was awarded Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1968.
Homi J.Bhaba: He largely contributed to the development of Atomic Physics and he was primarily responsible for setting up of Nuclear reactors in India. He published important papers on Quantum Theory, Cosmic Rays, Structure of atom, etc. He was the first Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission. He died in a plane crash in 1966 over Alps.
Joshi: Prof. S.S.Joshi's works on physical and chemical reaction under electrical discharge on active nitrogen, colloids, hydrogen peroxide are noteworthy
Nagarjuna: A great Buddhist Philosopher and Chemist. He mentioned about crecibles, sublimation, colouring process etc. His works are still available in China and Tibet. His theory on extraction of copper and metallic oxides are mention-worthy.
Nag Chowdhury B.D: An eminent Indian Nuclear Physicist known all over the world.
Narlikar: J.V.Narlikar was the co-author of Hoyle-Narlikar theory of continuous creation which supplies missing links in Einstein's theory of Relativity. Hoyle and Narlikar have shown that the gravitation is always attractive and there is no gravitational repulsions.
Raja Ramanna: A great nuclear scientist, who was instrumental to stage India's first Nuclear explosion at Pokharan range in 1974.
Sir C.V. Raman: First Indian Scientist to receive Nobel prize for physics in 1929 for his invention 'Raman Effect'. His study of crystal structure is of unique importance. He founded Raman Research Institute at Bangalore.
Sir C.P.Roy: Author of 'Hindu Chemistry'. He founded Indian Chemical Society and Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. He has done good work on nitrous acid and its salts. He lived between 1861- 1944 AD.
Prof. V.Ramachandra Rao: Direction of Indian Scientific Satellite Project (ISSP) at Peenya near Bangalore
Saha Dr.Maghnad: Late Palit Prof.of Physics, University College of Scientific and Technology, Calcutta University well-known for his researches in nuclear physics, cosmic rays, spectrum analysis and other branches of theoretical physics. He lived from 1893 to 1956.
Srinivas Ramanujam: A mathematical wizard, contributed much to number theory, theory of partitions and theory of continuous fractions. He lived between 1887 to 1920 AD. His birth centenary was celebrated in 1987.
Satish Dhavan: He was chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation. He was instrumental to take India into space age by launching Aryabhatta in 1975.
Susruta: A fourth century Hindu Surgeon and Physician. He had written an important book on medicine and on medical properties of garlic.
Varahamihira: An Indian astronomer and astrologer of 6th Century A.D. He was a mathematician and philosopher. He was one of the nine gems of Vikramaditya.
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